International Circulation : Today we have a short interview with Dr. Harrington. My first question is as both this year’s and last year’s Chairman of Committee on AHA Scientific Sessions Program， could you please introduce the features of program settings of this year’s conference， and what about the differences from last year’s?

　　《国际循环》：今天我们在这里对Harrington教授进行简短的采访。第一个问题是，作为去年和今年AHA年会的科学委员会主席，请您介绍一下本届会议在日程设置上有哪些特点？与往年相比，有哪些不同之处？

　　Dr. Harrington : Thank you for having me and I enjoy talking to my colleagues in China. We are very pleased to welcome a lot of Chinese cardiologists and other medical professionals to the scientific sessions here in Chicago. Since last year we have looked carefully at the meeting and continued to try to improve it. We have expanded our early careers day this year for early career investigators. We have a number of offerings around the poster hall that have been designed to facilitate between interaction and engagement between presenters and attendees， and if I think of the biggest thing that we have done between last year and this year is really to try and encourage networking and engagement. We have put lounges throughout the convention center where people can sit and talk and discuss science， we have all of the posters being visited by senior faculty members so the emphasis this year has really been on engagement.

　　Harrington教授：非常感谢您的采访。我非常愿意与中国同道进行探讨和交流。AHA也非常欢迎中国心脏病学家及其他医疗专业人士能来到芝加哥参加今年的AHA科学年会。自去年以来，我们对大会进行了仔细的审视并不断尝试进行改进。今年，我们进一步扩大了对处于职业生涯早期的研究者开展的早期职业生涯培训；在壁报展示大厅进行环绕式壁报展示，以方便壁报展示者与观众的沟通与互动。我认为，与去年相比，今年年会最大的不同之处在于尽可能实现网络化，更加注重参与性。在所有的会议中心都设有休息区，便于参会者坐下来深入探讨科学问题。此外，资深教授会亲临观看壁报。因此，今年的AHA年会真的非常注重参与性。

　　International Circulation : Thank you. Next question， on Saturday， training courses covered various aspects of cardiovascular field for early career physicians are held， which is very significant. Could you give some advice to them in clinical， translational and basic research?

　　《国际循环》：谢谢您的回答。下一个问题是，本届会议首日即周六主要是针对职业生涯早期人员开展了心血管领域各个方面的培训课程，这是非常有意义的。您对于处于这一时期的医务工作者，在开展临床、基础或转化医学方面的研究中，有哪些指导建议？

　　Dr. Harrington : So for our early career investigators， we really have tried to do a couple of things. One of which is that for all of the investigators， whether they are basic， translational， clinical scientists， or population health scientists we have tried to encourage them to understand some of what I will call， the basics; how to write the grant， how to appeal to a medical journal， how to review for a medical journal， and how to get mentorship. In terms of our colleagues specifically in the basic and translational science， one of the things we have really done is to push most of their science into the poster hall， so that they can engage with their colleagues. We had a spectacular offering on Monday night this year which was the best of basic science and the best of late breaking basic science in the poster hall where we did a lot of encouragement of mentorship， introducing senior faculty to junior faculty， and probably for the laboratory scientist that ability to connect to more senior colleagues is critically important.

　　Harrington教授：针对处于职业生涯早期的研究者，我们努力尝试做了以下几件事情。第一，对所有研究者，不论基础、转化、临床还是人群健康方面的研究者，我们都鼓励其了解一些基础知识，知道如何写基金，如何在医学期刊发表文章，如何为医学期刊审稿以及如何寻找导师。对我们的同道尤其是基础医学及转化医学领域的同道而言，我们则努力使其研究成果在壁报展示厅进行展示，从而让其能与其他同道进行互动交流。在今年年会上，周一晚上的壁报展示厅格外壮观，对基础科学及最新基础科学领域的最佳研究进行了展示，鼓励高级教授对较年轻的教授进行指导，更重要的是希望能让实验室科学家与更高级别的同道进行交流与学习。

　　International Circulation : The third question is that any scientific study will be finally published in the form of articles officially. In your opinion and experience， what are the skills to improve the quality of scientific writing?

　　《国际循环》：第三个问题是，任何科学研究结果最终都要以文章的形式正式公之于众，在文章撰写过程中，以您的经验来看，有哪些技巧可提高文章的写作质量？

　　Dr. Harrington : So I was fortunate to give a presentation on writing to the early career investigators. The focuses were several， one of which is that for the young investigator， they really need to think about their science and what they want to say before they try to say it. Secondly they need to discuss their science with their colleagues so that the holes have been poked into their science. Thirdly， they need to devote time to sit down quietly， think about their science， and begin the process of writing. Next you need to be critical about your own writing. You need to， as I say “Rewrite， rewrite， rewrite”. Get one of your mentors to help edit your writing， get them to really tear it apart and give you feedback. That is critically important， not just in an early stage of your career， but in all of our stages in our career. Have a trusted editor. It helps to read and read regularly， read the scientific literature， read newspapers， read magazines， read books and try to adopt some of the styles that you enjoy and that you think are particularly helpful ways to communicate. Finally the best way to improve your writing is to write. Write a lot. I think that people who are successful as scientists and who publish regularly in the literature， they write a lot. It takes a lot of repetitive activity.

　　Harrington教授：我非常荣幸能为处于职业生涯早期的研究者们进行有关写作的演讲。提高文章写作质量有几个需要注意的地方。第一，对年轻研究者而言，他们真的需要在描述自己研究前认真思考自己的科学研究。第二，他们需要与其同道就自己的科学研究进行讨论，从而找到自己科学研究中存在的漏洞或不足。第三，他们需要花时间静下心来思考然后再开始写作。再接下来，就是需要对自己的文章具有批判精神，需要不断地重写、重写、再重写。需要导师帮助修改文章，让他们对自己的文章仔细审阅并提供反馈修改意见。这不仅在职业生涯早期的文章写作是非常重要的，对各阶段职业生涯的文章写作均至关重要。在文章写作时，我们确实需要一个值得信赖的编辑。另外，要想提高文章写作质量，还需要定期阅读相关科学文献、报纸、期刊、数据，并尽量在写作时应用自己喜欢的风格，选用自认为有益的沟通方式。最后，提高写作质量的最佳方式是写作，要多写。我认为，那些定期发表文章的成功科学家，都在不断地重复写作。提高写作质量需要不断重复性写作。

　　International Circulation : My last question is that we found there are a lot of topics or discuss about big data， which is a sign of medical keeping pace with the times. In the cardiovascular field， how do you think should be reasonable and efficient use of big data and it will be helpful to the service for clinical practice?

　　《国际循环》：最后一个问题是，我们发现本届大会有很多关于大数据的讲题或讨论，这是医学与时俱进的一种表现。在心血管领域，您认为应该如何合理高效的使用大数据使之更好地服务于临床实践？

　　Dr. Harrington : So the concept of big data has become almost ubiquitous in society and no different in cardiovascular medicine. It was one of the reasons the program committee this year named the topic “Global Congress on Big Data”. What we really wanted to do within this meeting within a meeting on big data， was to devote time and understanding of some of the basic principals about data， things like data standards， and to devote time to thinking about some of the basic science issues in big data like genomics， metabolomics， and how does one think about vast amounts of information. We wanted to spend time on some of the computational approaches to big data and finally when it gets to how does it affect patients， we had a whole series of sessions on mobile health， and we had a whole series of sessions on the use of the electronic health record in research. I think it is that last piece of trying to understand how you leverage the data from electronic health records that is going to allow us to take better care of our patients. In the United States we have a long way to go. We have a lot of data but we do not necessarily know how to use it as efficiently as we ultimately should.

　　Harrington教授：在当今社会，大数据概念几乎已无处不在，在心血管医学领域也是如此。这是今年大会日程委员会设立题为“大数据之全球会议”的原因之一。在今年有关大数据的会议上，我们实际上想做的就是花大量时间来了解有关数据的一些基本原理，思索数据标准，探讨一些基因组学、代谢组学等基础科学的大数据问题及应如何利用大量信息。我们希望能够花一定时间介绍大数据的一些计算方法，最终让参会者了解大数据是如何影响患者的。大会设立了有关移动医疗、应用电子健康档案进行研究的一系列日程。最后，大会想让参会者了解应如何利用电子健康档案更好地对患者治疗和管理。在这方面，美国还有很长的路要走。现在的问题是，我们现在有了大量数据，却不知道应如何有效应用。